This work presents a detailed theoretical analysis of the proposed method and relations for calculation of the third-order aberration coefficients. The advantage of this method for determination of the third-order aberration coefficients is the fact that the measurement of spherical aberration can be experimentally relatively easily performed with a sufficient accuracy. Our work shows one of possible methods for determination of third-order aberration coefficients that is based on measurement of spherical aberration of the investigated optical system. The most important for practice are the third-order aberrations (Seidel aberrations) and the fifth-order aberrations. Aberrations of optical systems can be analytically expressed as a sum of aberrations of different orders. The imaging quality of an optical system depends on the magnitude of residual aberrations of the optical system. spherical aberration of a spherical surface, and the sec-ond term (after the plus sign) is the additional term nec-essary to describe the primary spherical aberration of an aspheric surface with a Q-value of Q SEQ. For a meridional ray the object point, the point where the ray strikes the interface, and the optical axis all lie in one plane, as shown in the figure on the right. All light rays leaving a point on the optic axis are meridional rays. Determination of third-order aberration coefficients from spherical aberration measurement Determination of third-order aberration coefficients from spherical aberration measurement Spherical aberration is the only aberration that can be associated with a point on the optical axis.
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